第2 章 认识IP 地址和网络协议 ······29

    2.2.1 物理层 ··········································33

    2.2.2 数据链路层 ··································33
    2.2.3 网络层 ··········································34
    2.2.4 传输层 ··········································34
    2.2.5 会话层 ··········································34
    2.2.6 表示层 ··········································34
    2.2.7 应用层 ··········································34
2.3 TCP/IP参考模型 ···································34
    2.3.1 网络接口层 ··································35
    2.3.2 网络层 ··········································35
    2.3.3 传输层 ··········································36
    2.3.4 应用层 ··········································36
2.4 IP 地址规划与划分 ·································36
    2.4.1 IP 地址的组成及表示方法 ··········36
    2.4.2 IP 地址的类别 ······························37
    2.4.3 特殊的IP 地址 ·····························38
    2.4.4 公有地址和私有地址 ··················39
    2.4.5 子网掩码 ······································39
    2.4.6 子网划分 ······································40
2.5 IPv6 简介 ················································43
    2.5.1 IPv6 的优点 ·································43
    2.5.2 IPv6 地址的表示方法 ·················43
    2.5.3 IPv6 地址组成 ·····························44
2.6 Wireshark网络协议分析工具简介 ······44
    2.6.1 Wireshark主要应用 ···················45
    2.6.2 Wireshark主要特性 ···················45
    2.6.3 Wireshark 窗口 ··························45
项目实训 ······················································· 46
思政园地 ······················································· 51
项目小结 ······················································· 51
思考与练习 ··················································· 52

第3 章 组建小型办公网络 ················55
学习目标 ······················································· 56
项目描述 ······················································· 56
项目分析 ······················································· 56
知识准备 ······················································· 57
3.1 局域网的模型与标准 ·····························57
    3.1.1 局域网的特点 ······························57
    3.1.2 局域网参考模型 ··························57
    3.1.3 局域网标准 ··································58
3.2 以太网 ·····················································59
    3.2.1 以太网的标准 ······························59
    3.2.2 以太网拓扑结构 ··························60
3.3 传输介质 ·················································61
    3.3.1 有线传输介质 ······························61
    3.3.2 无线传输介质 ······························64
3.4 认识交换机 ·············································64
    3.4.1 MAC地址 ····································64
    3.4.2 交换机 ··········································65
3.5 VLAN 技术 ·············································69
    3.5.1 什么是VLAN ······························69
    3.5.2 VLAN 的优点 ······························70
    3.5.3 VLAN 的划分方法 ······················70
    3.5.4 交换机端口的分类 ······················71
3.6 无线局域网 ·············································71
    3.6.1 无线局域网基本特点 ··················71
    3.6.2 无线局域网标准 ··························72
    3.6.3 常见的无线网络设备 ··················73
    3.6.4 无线局域网的典型组网模式 ······75
3.7 光纤接入技术 ·········································75
    3.7.1 光纤接入的定义及特点 ··············75
    3.7.2 光纤接入的分类 ··························76
    3.7.3 光纤接入的方式 ··························76
    3.7.4 光纤到户 ······································76
项目实训 ······················································· 77
思政园地 ······················································· 91
项目小结 ······················································· 91
思考与练习 ··················································· 91

第4 章 网络互联 ································93
学习目标 ······················································· 94
项目描述 ······················································· 94
项目分析 ······················································· 94
知识准备 ······················································· 95
4.1 认识路由器 ·············································95
    4.1.1 网络互联的基本概念 ··················95
    4.1.2 网络互联的层次与设备 ··············96
    4.1.3 路由器的功能 ······························97
    4.1.4 路由器的类型 ······························97
    4.1.5 路由器的工作原理 ······················98
4.2 静态路由和动态路由 ·····························99
    4.2.1 直连路由 ······································99
    4.2.2 静态路由 ··································· 100
    4.2.3 动态路由 ··································· 100
    4.2.4 路由优先级 ································101
4.3 VLAN 间路由 ·······································101
    4.3.1 VLAN 间二层通信的局限性 ····101
    4.3.2 实现VLAN 间路由的方法 ········102
项目实训 ·····················································104
思政园地 ·····················································109
项目小结 ·····················································110
思考与练习 ·················································110

第5 章 排除常见网络故障 ··············111
学习目标 ·····················································112
项目描述 ·····················································112
项目分析 ·····················································112
知识准备 ·····················································113
5.1 网络故障的主要原因 ···························113
    5.1.1 网络连接故障 ····························113
    5.1.2 软件属性设置故障 ····················113
    5.1.3 网络协议故障 ····························113
5.2 常见故障排查过程 ·······························113
    5.2.1 识别故障的现象 ························114
    5.2.2 故障现象的描述 ························114
    5.2.3 列举可能出现故障的原因 ········114
    5.2.4 缩小搜索范围 ····························114
    5.2.5 排除故障 ····································114
    5.2.6 故障分析 ····································114
5.3 网络故障检测工具 ·······························115
    5.3.1 网络故障检测的硬件工具 ········115
    5.3.2 网络故障检测的软件工具 ········115
5.4 网络连通性故障原因及排除方法 ·······121
    5.4.1 连通性故障的表现形式 ············121
    5.4.2 连通性故障产生的主要原因 ····121
    5.4.3 连通性故障的基本排除方法 ····122
    5.4.4 故障排除案例 ····························122
5.5 网络协议及配置故障原因及排除方法 123
    5.5.1 协议及配置故障的表现形式 ····123
    5.5.2 协议及配置故障产生的主要原因 ···············123
    5.5.3 协议及配置故障的基本排除方法 ···············123
    5.5.4 故障排除案例 ····························123
项目实训 ·····················································124
思政园地 ·····················································125
项目小结 ·····················································125
思考与练习 ·················································125

第6 章 搭建网络服务器 ················· 127
学习目标 ·····················································128
项目描述 ·····················································128
项目分析 ·····················································128
知识准备 ·····················································129
6.1 网络操作系统概述 ·······························129
    6.1.1 常见的网络操作系统 ················129
    6.1.2 Windows Server 2022 简介 ····130
6.2 WWW服务 ···········································130
    6.2.1 WWW简介 ································130
    6.2.2 WWW服务器 ····························130
    6.2.3 WWW客户机 ····························130
    6.2.4 URL ············································131
    6.2.5 服务端口号 ································131
    6.2.6 Web的工作原理 ························131
6.3 FTP服务 ···············································132
    6.3.1 FTP的基本概念 ·······················132
    6.3.2 FTP服务器 ·······························132
    6.3.3 FTP的工作原理 ·······················132
6.4 DNS 服务 ··············································133
    6.4.1 DNS 的基本概念 ·······················133
    6.4.2 DNS 的工作原理 ·······················133
6.5 DHCP服务 ············································134
    6.5.1 DHCP的基本概念 ·····················134
    6.5.2 DHCP的工作原理 ·····················134
项目实训 ·····················································135
思政园地 ·····················································155
项目小结 ·····················································156
思考与练习 ·················································157

第7 章 网络安全及管理 ················· 159
学习目标 ·····················································160
项目描述 ·····················································160
项目分析 ·····················································160
知识准备 ·····················································161
7.1 网络面临的安全威胁 ···························161
    7.1.1 网络安全的概念 ························161
    7.1.2 网络安全威胁 ····························162
7.2 计算机网络安全的内容 ·······················162
    7.2.1 物理安全 ····································163
    7.2.2 逻辑安全 ····································163
    7.2.3 操作系统安全 ····························163
    7.2.4 网络传输安全 ····························164
7.3 网络安全的关键技术 ···························164
    7.3.1 数据加密技术 ····························164
    7.3.2 信息确认技术 ····························164
    7.3.3 防火墙技术 ································165
    7.3.4 网络安全扫描技术 ····················165
    7.3.5 网络入侵检测技术 ····················165
    7.3.6 黑客诱骗技术 ····························166
7.4 防火墙技术 ···········································166
    7.4.1 防火墙的定义 ····························166
    7.4.2 防火墙的分类 ····························167
    7.4.3 防火墙的特性 ····························167
    7.4.4 防火墙的局限性 ························168
    7.4.5 常用的防火墙实现策略 ············168
7.5 网络防病毒技术 ···································168
    7.5.1 防毒技术的分类 ························168
    7.5.2 网络防病毒的基本方法 ············169
    7.5.3 杀毒软件介绍 ····························170
项目实训 ·····················································171
思政园地 ·····················································182
项目小结 ·····················································183
思考与练习 ·················································183

参考文献 ············································· 185